Where is lending growing, and are deposits keeping pace?
Start with bank credit and deposits, then follow lending into sectors, households and industries. NBFC and housing finance company lending appears separately, with its own reporting coverage.
Written for readers following India's banking system and the allocation of credit. Data to 15 Sept 2026.
Credit and deposits, on the same dates
Scheduled commercial banks, including RRBs, small finance banks and payments banks. Latest observation: 15 Sept 2026; released 30 Sept 2026.
Bank credit is ₹223.3 lakh cr, up 18.1% over the corresponding year-ago reporting date. Deposits are ₹276.2 lakh cr, up 17.3%. These totals use the same bank group and release.
Bank credit and deposits outstanding
How to read it. The gap between the two lines is a stock comparison. It does not measure banks’ available lending capacity.
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Annual credit and deposit growth
How to read it. Latest comparison: 15 Sept 2026 against 19 Sept 2025. RBI's reporting convention changed in December 2025; the prior reporting date is retained.
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| Bank coverage | Credit | Deposits | Credit growth | Deposit growth | Credit / deposits | More |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Scheduled commercial banks | ₹223.3 lakh cr | ₹276.2 lakh cr | 18.1% | 17.3% | 80.8% | |
| All scheduled banks, including co-operative banks | ₹228.4 lakh cr | ₹281.7 lakh cr | 17.9% | 17.2% | 81.1% |
Deposits exclude deposits from banks; credit excludes inter-bank advances. The all-scheduled-bank total includes co-operative banks and is shown as a separate universe. These are reported levels, without a merger adjustment.
Are deposits keeping pace?
Compare the stock ratio with the additions over the year. A growth gap and an incremental ratio answer different questions.
Credit as a share of deposits
How to read it. This ratio describes funding structure. It is not a standalone liquidity or solvency test.
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| Credit added, year | Deposits added, year | Credit minus deposit growth | Annual credit addition / deposit addition | Demand share of deposits | Credit change since previous report | Deposit change since previous report | More |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ₹34.3 lakh cr | ₹40.8 lakh cr | +0.8 pts | 84.1% | 12.1% | −₹57,894 cr | −₹2.5 lakh cr |
Previous reporting date: 31 Aug 2026. Changes in outstanding amounts include repayments, write-offs, transfers and reporting changes; they are not gross loan disbursements. The incremental ratio is absent when the annual deposit addition is zero or negative. Demand deposits are not CASA: savings deposits are not separately identified here.
Where bank credit goes
Detailed bank lending as of 31 Aug 2026. Shares and contributions below use the sum of the four selected-bank sectors, rather than the all-bank headline.
| Category | Outstanding | Annual growth | Share of parent | Contribution to parent growth | Parent / denominator | More |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture and Allied Activities | ₹27.3 lakh cr | 17.2% | 12.9% | +2.3 pts | Sum of four selected-bank sectors | |
| Industry (Micro and Small, Medium and Large) | ₹48.0 lakh cr | 18.2% | 22.7% | +4.2 pts | Sum of four selected-bank sectors | |
| Services | ₹63.0 lakh cr | 24.3% | 29.8% | +7.0 pts | Sum of four selected-bank sectors | |
| Personal Loans | ₹72.9 lakh cr | 16.9% | 34.5% | +6.0 pts | Sum of four selected-bank sectors |
Agriculture and Allied Activities
Available source-native comparisons cover 2019. Reporting definitions change across this period; each annual pair comes from one source format.
How to read it. History extends to 2007 where the category can be matched. Growth uses printed prior endpoints in releases, and the same month a year earlier within each historical format. Source-native comparisons cover 2019 where available; the definition change is marked. Merger effects remain in reported growth.
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Historical exports preserve RBI's old and new formats. Matching labels can extend a category into the older history; changed definitions and missing months stay blank. Growth is unadjusted for the HDFC merger, which affects comparisons from July 2023. See the method and chart downloads for the comparison basis.
RBI's latest bank-sector release covers 41 selected banks representing about 95% of all-SCB non-food credit. The aggregate headline uses all SCBs, with different year-ago reporting dates. The four sectors' contributions reconcile to growth in their combined selected-bank stock. They do not explain the all-bank headline exactly.
Household borrowing in detail
Housing, vehicles, cards, gold-backed loans and other personal loans. Shares and growth contributions use personal loans as the parent.
Consumer Durables
August 2018 includes a ₹17,300 crore correction: a bank had classified housing loans as consumer durables. The drop is not solely a change in borrowing. Available source-native comparisons cover 2019. Reporting definitions change across this period; each annual pair comes from one source format.
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| Category | Outstanding | Annual growth | Share of parent | Contribution to parent growth | Parent / denominator | More |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Consumer Durables | ₹23,295 cr | 2.4% | 0.3% | 0.0 pts | Personal Loans | |
| Housing (Including Priority Sector Housing) | ₹34.5 lakh cr | 11.1% | 47.4% | +5.6 pts | Personal Loans | |
| Advances against Fixed Deposits (Including FCNR (B), NRNR Deposits etc.) | ₹2.0 lakh cr | 43.2% | 2.8% | +1.0 pts | Personal Loans | |
| Advances to Individuals against share, bonds, etc. | ₹11,050 cr | 12.7% | 0.2% | 0.0 pts | Personal Loans | |
| Credit Card Outstanding | ₹3.0 lakh cr | 3.6% | 4.1% | +0.2 pts | Personal Loans | |
| Education | ₹1.6 lakh cr | 13.2% | 2.2% | +0.3 pts | Personal Loans | |
| Vehicle Loans | ₹7.8 lakh cr | 19.7% | 10.6% | +2.1 pts | Personal Loans | |
| Loans against gold jewellery | ₹5.6 lakh cr | 83.2% | 7.7% | +4.1 pts | Personal Loans | |
| Other Personal Loans | ₹18.0 lakh cr | 15.0% | 24.6% | +3.8 pts | Personal Loans |
Services, including banks’ lending to NBFCs
Bank lending to NBFCs is their funding from banks. The NBFC section below measures NBFCs’ own lending to borrowers.
Transport Operators
Available source-native comparisons cover 2019. Reporting definitions change across this period; each annual pair comes from one source format.
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| Category | Outstanding | Annual growth | Share of parent | Contribution to parent growth | Parent / denominator | More |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Transport Operators | ₹2.9 lakh cr | 8.6% | 4.7% | +0.5 pts | Services | |
| Other Services | ₹12.8 lakh cr | 15.4% | 20.4% | +3.4 pts | Services | |
| Computer Software | ₹53,660 cr | 41.8% | 0.9% | +0.3 pts | Services | |
| Tourism, Hotels and Restaurants | ₹1.1 lakh cr | 28.3% | 1.8% | +0.5 pts | Services | |
| Shipping | ₹11,203 cr | 25.6% | 0.2% | 0.0 pts | Services | |
| Aviation | ₹60,606 cr | 32.1% | 1.0% | +0.3 pts | Services | |
| Professional Services | ₹2.3 lakh cr | 15.5% | 3.6% | +0.6 pts | Services | |
| Trade | ₹14.2 lakh cr | 20.1% | 22.5% | +4.7 pts | Services | |
| Wholesale Trade | ₹8.0 lakh cr | 26.2% | 56.3% | +14.0 pts | Trade | |
| Retail Trade | ₹6.2 lakh cr | 13.0% | 43.7% | +6.0 pts | Trade | |
| Commercial Real Estate | ₹6.7 lakh cr | 22.5% | 10.7% | +2.4 pts | Services | |
| Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) | ₹21.6 lakh cr | 37.5% | 34.4% | +11.6 pts | Services | |
| Housing Finance Companies (HFCs) | ₹3.8 lakh cr | 19.9% | 17.7% | +4.0 pts | Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) | |
| Public Financial Institutions (PFIs) | ₹3.7 lakh cr | 83.7% | 17.0% | +10.6 pts | Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) |
“Of which” categories sit inside their parent. Their shares and contributions use that parent, so adding every row would count some loans twice.
Industry, down to the subsector
Industry totals and nested subsectors retain RBI's hierarchy. The parent column identifies the denominator for each share and contribution.
Industry by business size
| Category | Outstanding | Annual growth | Share of parent | Contribution to parent growth | Parent / denominator | More |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Micro and Small | ₹11.2 lakh cr | 23.0% | 23.3% | +5.1 pts | Industry (Micro and Small, Medium and Large) | |
| Medium | ₹4.9 lakh cr | 31.8% | 10.2% | +2.9 pts | Industry (Micro and Small, Medium and Large) | |
| Large | ₹31.9 lakh cr | 14.9% | 66.5% | +10.2 pts | Industry (Micro and Small, Medium and Large) |
Mining and Quarrying (incl. Coal)
Available source-native comparisons cover 2019. Reporting definitions change across this period; each annual pair comes from one source format.
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| Category | Outstanding | Annual growth | Share of parent | Contribution to parent growth | Parent / denominator | More |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mining and Quarrying (incl. Coal) | ₹66,591 cr | 17.2% | 1.4% | +0.2 pts | Industries (2.1 to 2.19) | |
| Rubber, Plastic and their Products | ₹1.2 lakh cr | 16.8% | 2.5% | +0.4 pts | Industries (2.1 to 2.19) | |
| Glass and Glassware | ₹16,618 cr | 26.9% | 0.3% | +0.1 pts | Industries (2.1 to 2.19) | |
| Cement and Cement Products | ₹69,892 cr | 14.1% | 1.5% | +0.2 pts | Industries (2.1 to 2.19) | |
| Basic Metal and Metal Product | ₹5.4 lakh cr | 18.9% | 11.2% | +2.1 pts | Industries (2.1 to 2.19) | |
| Iron and Steel | ₹3.7 lakh cr | 21.5% | 69.2% | +14.6 pts | Basic Metal and Metal Product | |
| Other Metal and Metal Product | ₹1.6 lakh cr | 13.3% | 30.8% | +4.3 pts | Basic Metal and Metal Product | |
| All Engineering | ₹3.4 lakh cr | 33.4% | 7.2% | +2.1 pts | Industries (2.1 to 2.19) | |
| Electronics | ₹74,043 cr | 21.4% | 21.5% | +5.1 pts | All Engineering | |
| Others | ₹2.7 lakh cr | 37.1% | 78.5% | +28.3 pts | All Engineering | |
| Vehicles, Vehicle Parts and Transport Equipment | ₹1.6 lakh cr | 34.8% | 3.4% | +1.0 pts | Industries (2.1 to 2.19) | |
| Gems and Jewellery | ₹1.3 lakh cr | 39.1% | 2.7% | +0.9 pts | Industries (2.1 to 2.19) | |
| Construction | ₹2.0 lakh cr | 24.7% | 4.1% | +1.0 pts | Industries (2.1 to 2.19) | |
| Infrastructure | ₹15.2 lakh cr | 10.2% | 31.7% | +3.5 pts | Industries (2.1 to 2.19) | |
| Power | ₹8.7 lakh cr | 21.0% | 57.0% | +10.9 pts | Infrastructure | |
| Telecommunications | ₹96,757 cr | −15.1% | 6.4% | −1.2 pts | Infrastructure | |
| Roads | ₹3.5 lakh cr | 0.5% | 22.8% | +0.1 pts | Infrastructure | |
| Airports | ₹9,006 cr | 17.1% | 0.6% | +0.1 pts | Infrastructure | |
| Ports | ₹9,555 cr | 75.3% | 0.6% | +0.3 pts | Infrastructure | |
| Railways (other than Indian Railways) | ₹7,688 cr | −32.0% | 0.5% | −0.3 pts | Infrastructure | |
| Other Infrastructure | ₹1.8 lakh cr | 2.1% | 12.1% | +0.3 pts | Infrastructure | |
| Other Industries | ₹3.7 lakh cr | 24.0% | 7.6% | +1.7 pts | Industries (2.1 to 2.19) | |
| Food Processing | ₹2.6 lakh cr | 21.7% | 5.4% | +1.1 pts | Industries (2.1 to 2.19) | |
| Sugar | ₹17,212 cr | −6.8% | 6.7% | −0.6 pts | Food Processing | |
| Edible Oils and Vanaspati | ₹30,035 cr | 46.0% | 11.7% | +4.5 pts | Food Processing | |
| Tea | ₹6,002 cr | 20.2% | 2.3% | +0.5 pts | Food Processing | |
| Others | ₹2.0 lakh cr | 21.9% | 79.3% | +17.4 pts | Food Processing | |
| Beverage and Tobacco | ₹39,131 cr | 7.5% | 0.8% | +0.1 pts | Industries (2.1 to 2.19) | |
| Textiles | ₹3.2 lakh cr | 16.6% | 6.6% | +1.1 pts | Industries (2.1 to 2.19) | |
| Cotton Textiles | ₹1.1 lakh cr | 13.2% | 34.7% | +4.7 pts | Textiles | |
| Jute Textiles | ₹5,707 cr | 26.1% | 1.8% | +0.4 pts | Textiles | |
| Man-Made Textiles | ₹55,554 cr | 13.2% | 17.5% | +2.4 pts | Textiles | |
| Other Textiles | ₹1.5 lakh cr | 20.4% | 46.0% | +9.1 pts | Textiles | |
| Leather and Leather Products | ₹14,816 cr | 11.1% | 0.3% | 0.0 pts | Industries (2.1 to 2.19) | |
| Wood and Wood Products | ₹33,583 cr | 19.6% | 0.7% | +0.1 pts | Industries (2.1 to 2.19) | |
| Paper and Paper Products | ₹61,846 cr | 14.9% | 1.3% | +0.2 pts | Industries (2.1 to 2.19) | |
| Petroleum, Coal Products and Nuclear Fuels | ₹2.0 lakh cr | 14.8% | 4.1% | +0.6 pts | Industries (2.1 to 2.19) | |
| Chemicals and Chemical Products | ₹3.4 lakh cr | 23.5% | 7.1% | +1.6 pts | Industries (2.1 to 2.19) | |
| Fertiliser | ₹41,186 cr | 42.3% | 12.2% | +4.5 pts | Chemicals and Chemical Products | |
| Drugs and Pharmaceuticals | ₹1.1 lakh cr | 22.8% | 32.2% | +7.4 pts | Chemicals and Chemical Products | |
| Petro Chemicals | ₹41,440 cr | 24.9% | 12.2% | +3.0 pts | Chemicals and Chemical Products | |
| Others | ₹1.5 lakh cr | 19.2% | 43.4% | +8.6 pts | Chemicals and Chemical Products |
Priority-sector lending
Priority-sector categories overlap the economic sectors above. Lending certificates and regulatory definitions also affect these figures.
| Priority-sector category | Outstanding | Annual growth |
|---|---|---|
| Agriculture and Allied Activities | ₹27.6 lakh cr | 19.4% |
| Micro and Small Enterprises | ₹31.6 lakh cr | 25.9% |
| Medium Enterprises | ₹7.9 lakh cr | 31.0% |
| Housing | ₹10.4 lakh cr | 9.5% |
| Others | ₹42,613 cr | −3.3% |
| Educational Loans | ₹81,212 cr | 15.9% |
| Renewable Energy | ₹16,671 cr | 26.0% |
| Social Infrastructure | ₹1,324 cr | 41.5% |
| Export Credit | ₹11,309 cr | −9.7% |
| Weaker Sections including net PSLC- SF/MF | ₹21.4 lakh cr | 14.7% |
NBFC and housing finance company lending
Latest detailed observation: 31 Jul 2026. This is a separate sample of major NBFCs and HFCs, not the entire non-bank credit market.
NBFC Credit
How to read it. Source endpoints are shown; months without observations stay blank. Year-ago amounts in recent releases provide isolated historical comparisons, rather than a continuous older monthly history.
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| Category | Outstanding | Annual growth | Share of parent | Contribution to parent growth | Parent / denominator | More |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture and Allied Activities | ₹80,271 cr | 18.0% | 1.3% | +0.2 pts | Selected NBFC/HFC credit | |
| Industry | ₹22.1 lakh cr | 7.4% | 36.9% | +2.9 pts | Selected NBFC/HFC credit | |
| Infrastructure | ₹20.2 lakh cr | 6.2% | 91.1% | +5.7 pts | Industry | |
| Power | ₹14.4 lakh cr | 6.9% | 71.2% | +4.9 pts | Infrastructure | |
| Services | ₹7.7 lakh cr | 15.2% | 12.8% | +1.9 pts | Selected NBFC/HFC credit | |
| Transport Operators | ₹1.8 lakh cr | 10.7% | 23.2% | +2.6 pts | Services | |
| Trade | ₹1.2 lakh cr | 14.7% | 15.0% | +2.2 pts | Services | |
| Commercial Real Estate | ₹1.0 lakh cr | 22.3% | 13.5% | +2.8 pts | Services | |
| Retail Loans | ₹26.1 lakh cr | 21.4% | 43.5% | +8.8 pts | Selected NBFC/HFC credit | |
| Housing Loans | ₹8.5 lakh cr | 11.9% | 32.8% | +4.2 pts | Retail Loans | |
| Vehicle Loans | ₹6.3 lakh cr | 15.1% | 24.1% | +3.8 pts | Retail Loans | |
| Loans against gold jewellery | ₹3.5 lakh cr | 68.5% | 13.6% | +6.7 pts | Retail Loans | |
| Consumer Durables | ₹74,644 cr | 51.5% | 2.9% | +1.2 pts | Retail Loans | |
| Other Loans | ₹3.2 lakh cr | 19.7% | 5.4% | +1.0 pts | Selected NBFC/HFC credit | |
| NBFC Credit | ₹59.9 lakh cr | 14.9% | – | – | – |
The latest release's NBFC/HFC sample represents about 87% of credit against RBI's cited benchmark. “Other loans” is a fifth broad category; nested “of which” rows do not exhaust their parents. Do not add bank and NBFC lending to claim total financing: banks also lend to NBFCs. Housing-loan definitions and lender coverage differ between these releases.
The workings
Data
Every chart has a table view, a CSV download and a link to its published JSON. Bundles are listed in data status.